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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication The use of medications is a fantastic way to treat anxiety-related symptoms. Psychologists have extensive experience in the use of medication and are able to formulate appropriate prescriptions that minimize the adverse effects. The typical treatment for anxiety disorders is three-pronged and consists of psychotherapy, exercise and medications. SSRIs are the first-choice medications to treat anxiety, but they can take up to a week for them to work. SSRIs SSRIs are the medication of choice for the majority of anxiety disorders. The newer SSRIs are less likely to cause adverse reactions than older tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. There are a variety of SSRIs have been FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorders that are generalized. They include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline (aka Zoloft), as and citalopram (aka Celexa). These medications can increase serotonin in the brain, and may also help to boost norepinephrine or BDNF. They can be used by themselves or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs may cause nausea and digestive issues, but these side effects usually subside as the body becomes accustomed to the medication. The precise mechanism through which SSRIs are effective in treating anxiety isn't fully understood. However it is believed that they hinder the reuptake process of serotonin by the post-synaptic nerve and increase the amount of serotonin within the synaptic gap. This increases the amount of signals that cross the synapse, which it also reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They can also be employed to treat depression and other mental illnesses which are often linked to anxiety disorders . They can be used in conjunction with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy, which can improve their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive, unlike other antidepressants. However, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. If you stop taking your medication abruptly and suddenly, it can trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a recurrence of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs don't work for you, then your physician might suggest another class of antidepressants such as nefazodone, mirtazapine. These drugs can be effective, but they are more at chance of causing adverse reactions than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain food items such as dairy products, red meat, eggs and certain fruits and vegetables. If you are taking these medications it is a wise suggestion to avoid these food items. It is also generally advised to avoid alcohol when taking SSRIs because it can cause a number of side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines boost the calming effect of certain chemicals in the nervous system and brain. They enhance the effects of the neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a substance that inhibits nerve activity. These medications can be very effective in treating anxiety, insomnia and other psychological disorders. However, they can be addictive and should only be used for short periods of time under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous when taken recreationally, or when combined with alcohol and other substances. When people have anxiety disorders, they usually resort to medication as their first option. However it's not the only option. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, has been proven to help decrease anxiety symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This kind of psychotherapy teaches you how to change your thoughts and behaviors so that you don't feel stressed as much. Alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam Clorazepate, lorazepam, and quazepam are the most common benzodiazepines. Each one has its own list of side effects but they all have similar properties in pharmacology. For instance, clorazepate is more effective in treating seizure disorders than the other benzodiazepines. Likewise, lorazepam is better for anxiety disorders than quazepam. Although benzodiazepines may be effective, they are not recommended for long-term use as they can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. They can also cause withdrawal symptoms, like an increase in heart rate shaking, sweating, and shaking, if you suddenly stop taking them. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for a long time. However they can be reduced if you taper off the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should be used only for a short time, usually not more than 4 weeks. You must monitor your blood pressure, heart rate and your breathing during this time so you don't suffer an extreme reaction. Talk to your doctor in the event that you are thinking of taking using a benzodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that helps to alleviate anxiety symptoms. These drugs prevent adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, which stops the hormone from triggering physical responses such as heart palpitations and tremors. These drugs are commonly used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues however, they can also be prescribed for off-label use in the case of anxiety. When you are feeling anxious, your body releases a chemical known as Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds with beta receptors in the brain and the heart which causes your heart rate to increase and can trigger other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are the name of a class of medication that treat hypertension and other heart conditions are able to block the adrenaline binding, which helps to reduce the heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers work quickly, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines that require weeks or even months to show a difference in symptoms. This makes them a great option for people who need immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms like those who have to give speeches in public or take an airplane. They are also a good choice for people who suffer from anxiety and a chronic heart condition, such as atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Beta-blockers can reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the root causes. As a result, they are usually prescribed as part of an overall treatment plan that includes counseling and lifestyle adjustments. They are useful for people who have tried medication for anxiety but found it to be ineffective or had unpalatable side effects. Propranolol, atenolol, as well as other beta-blockers are available. Your doctor will decide the best beta-blocker for you according to your medical history and current health condition. These medications can trigger negative side effects like fatigue or low blood pressure. It is important to discuss treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) were developed in the 1950s to be an antidepressant, work for certain anxiety and depression disorders. However, they're not commonly used as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the need for strict diet restrictions and the risk of interactions with other drugs. Certain MAOIs are administered by mouth in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) come in the form of a transdermal patch that's applied to the skin each day. MAOIs block the action of MAO and increase the amount of serotonin as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a part in sleep, mood, and appetite as well as sexual function. MAOIs can reduce anxiety. They are more likely than TCAs or SSRIs to cause adverse effects and carry warnings about suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments to help manage your symptoms in addition the MAOIs listed below. A beta-blocker, like propranolol, is often prescribed to reduce physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor may suggest a relaxation technique, or other home treatments to alleviate your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 as part of research into tuberculosis. It was soon found to have properties that boost mood and is believed to be the first antidepressant medication. MAOIs should only be taken after other antidepressants are not working, since they can cause serious side-effects that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and consume foods that contain Tyramine, a chemical found that is found in many red meats, cheeses shellfish, fish, and certain dietary supplements, it could trigger an unintentional reaction that results in high blood pressure. The symptoms of this serious reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, and fast heart rate. MAOIs may also interact with other medications and trigger extreme adverse effects, including suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Before prescribing MAOIs, your doctor will talk with you about the foods you should avoid. The doctor will advise you to stay clear of eating food items that contain tyramine when you are taking the drug. The doctor might also provide you with a list of food that are safe to eat when taking MAOIs. The food guide provided will help to prevent MAOI-related adverse effects.